Miller Engineering Services

Trucks & Tractor Trailers

Commercial Vehicles Occupational Safety and Health Hazards. Dr. Miller took an early interest in the safety and health considerations of the commercial vehicle operator. These interests and concerns were initially expressed in the following articles. They include discussions of hazards such as slip and falls, driver fatigue and driving hours, carbon monoxide exposure, vibration health effects, visibility limitations and reaction time in emergency situations.
Miller, J.M. (1972). Commercial Vehicle Occupational Health Hazards (SAE #720264). Society of Automotive Engineers.
Miller, J.M. (1976). Efforts To Reduce Truck and Bus Operator Hazards. Human Factors, 18 (6), 533-5.
Miller, J.M. with Rhoades, T.P. (1990). Revisions of TMC Recommended Practice RP-404 'Truck and Truck Tractor Access Systems'. 1989 SAE Transactions: Journal of Commercial Vehicles, 98 (2).

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Truck - Auto and Truck - Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction

Truck Crashes With Autos. Many commercial truck accidents involve collisions with autos. Commercial truck operators often have litigation brought against them or their company for such accidents. The causes of such crashes may relate to inattentativeness or poor judgement on the part of the truck driver, or actions by the auto drivers which put the truck drivers in a situation where a collision cannot be avoided. Miller Engineering has assisted in litigation for numerous commercial truck accidents, including: vehicles stopped on roads or making questionable maneuvers in front of trucks; trucks stopped at night without any tail or running lights; snow plows and construction equipment colliding with autos; and autos rear-ending tractor trailers.

Visibility From Truck Cabs. While forward vision is excellent from a truck driver's elevated position, vision to the sides and rear has some limitations. Miller Engineering has developed techniques to quantitatively analyze and graphically depict visibility areas and blind spots as a function of driver's size, mirror configuration and type of vehicle involved.

TV Monitor Usage for driver visibility enhancement has increased considerably as technology has allowed. TV cameras are installed and pointed rearward in vehicles with limited rear visibility for reverse maneuvers. Garbage trucks, school buses, and airport car rental shuttle vans are example applications. Miller Engineering has identified that the selection of proper camera lens, location of mounting on the rear of the vehicle, location and size of driver's monitor, and anticipated angular size of potential pedestrian targets are all critical to the selection and installation of these systems and will determine the probablility that a driver will indeed detect a potential rear hazard target.

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Rear Anti-Collision Warning Systems are an emerging technology being made available for commercial vehicles as both a factory option and after-market product. Miller Engineering has worked with manufacturers of these devices to determine the effectiveness of in-cockpit auditory and light warning signals, as well as assisting with the design of on-product warning labels, installation instructions and operator manuals.

Lug Nut Torque Requirements are critical to keeping tires firmly attached to the vehicle. Miller Engineering has worked on numerous cases involving lug nut failures for both autos, trucks, RVs, and towed vehicles. Proper torque placed on any vehicle's lug nuts is imperative in preventing accidents. Both too low a torque and too high a torque will lead to catastrophic accidents. Additionally, lug nuts on high-mileage vehicles may fall prey to metal fatigue, which can affect their structural integrity. The most common and highly dangerous lug nut failure occurs when one of the dual tires on a truck becomes detached from the vehicle at a high speed and rolls towards other vehicles or pedestrians. Safe maintenance techniques have been developed to reduce the chance of this occurring.Use of specialized tools such as torque sticks can assure proper lug nut torqueing, provided they are used in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and replaced when normal operation becomes difficult. Regular checking of lug nuts using a manual torque wrench is important for maintaining safety.

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Tanker Truck Accidents offer some special safety challenges. The most commonly reported incidents involving these vehicles are collisions resulting in spills and explosions. Less common are incidents involving driver and property damage from off-load liquid pump malfuntion or improper use, slips and falls while maneuvering around bottom loaders and ladders, exposure to leaked contents around loading areas. Miller Engineering has experience in warning analysis/design and accident reconstruction in all of types of incidents.

The Three-Point System for Effective Climbing, Egress, and Ingress

Climbing/slip and fall analyses have been a major strength of Miller Engineering in relation to truck/tractor systems. Both experimental and design work has been conducted. Traditional and cabover engine models have been evaluated and methodologies have been developed to both analyze and depict truck/tractor climbing systems. Miller Engineering has fully computerized data collections which utilize force plates to analyze choices of step surfaces, sole-step interactions, human gait, and effectiveness of 3-point climbing systems. We have also participated in the design of standards relative to the egress and ingress issues. The following are a few of our articles relating to this topic:

Miller, J.M. with Rhoades, T.P. (1990). Revisions of TMC Recommended Practice RP-404 'Truck and Truck Tractor Access Systems'. 1989 SAE Transactions: Journal of Commercial Vehicles, 98 (2).
Miller, J.M. with Rhoades, T.P. (1989). Revisions of TMC Recommended Practice RP-404 'Truck and Truck Tractor Access Systems'. (SAE Technical Paper Series #892523).
Rhoades, T.P. (1988, June). Proposed Revisions of TMC RP-404. Presented to TMC Study Groups, Tucson, AZ.
Rhoades, T.P. (1986, June). Use of the Transportable Force Plate Measurement System. Presented to the Heavy Truck Design Analysis Group, Ford Motor, Co.
 

Sample Projects

Truck - Bicycle Accident

Truck - Pedestrian Accident

Lift Truck Accident

Tractor Trailer - Van Accident

 

 

 
 
 

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